Análisis de la competencia cultural en profesionales de un área  básica de salud urbana. Estudio transversal

María Jesús Mármol Cubillo; Carles Subirà Cuyàs; Cristina Lina Casadó Marín; Eva Zafra Aparici; Josep María Vilaseca Llobet

María Jesús Mármol Cubillo Atención Primaria. Fundació Althaia Xarxa Assistencial i Universitària de Manresa. Barcelona, España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-3684
Carles Subirà Cuyàs Medicina Intensiva. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona, España https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2285-2311
Cristina Lina Casadó Marín Departamento de Enfermería, Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Tarragona, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8078-1673
Eva Zafra Aparici Departamento de Antropología, Filosofía y Trabajo Social, Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Tarragona, España https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-774X
Josep María Vilaseca Llobet Atención Primaria. Fundació Althaia Xarxa Assistencial i Universitària de Manresa. Barcelona, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-5728

Palabras clave: Competencia cultural, Diversidad cultural, Calidad de la atención de salud, Evaluación de competencias, Minorías étnicas, Equidad en salud

Key-words: Cultural competence, Cultural diversity, Quality of health care, Competency assessment, Ethnic minorities, Health equity

Resumen

Objetivo: Analizar niveles de competencia cultural en profesionales sanitarios mediante la Escala Cultural Competence Assessment (CCA-S), determinando relaciones entre puntuaciones obtenidas y variables sociodemográfico laborales. Metodología: Estudio transversal con 45 sanitarios. La escala CCA-S evalúa: conciencia, sensibilidad y comportamiento cultural y documentación, valoradas mediante escala Likert. Realizando análisis descriptivos, comparaciones y análisis correlacional. Resultados: puntuación global de 4,09 (DE=0,26), nivel moderado-alto. La conciencia cultural obtuvo la mayor puntuación (M=5,41; DE=0,36), documentación presentó la más baja (M=2,62; DE=0,62). Profesionales jóvenes mostraron mejores competencias en documentación (p=0,038). Profesionales con experiencia hospitalaria demostraron comportamientos culturales superiores (p=0,038). Conclusión: Los profesionales reconocen la importancia en diferencias culturales pero encuentran dificultades en búsqueda de información, limitando la atención personalizada. Es necesario el aprendizaje intergeneracional para compartir fortalezas y respetar la identidad de cada paciente.

Abstract

Objective: To analyze cultural competence levels in healthcare professionals using the Cultural Competence Assessment Scale (CCA-S), determining relationships between obtained scores and sociodemographic and work-related variables. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with 45 healthcare professionals. The CCA-S scale assesses: cultural awareness, sensitivity and behavior, and documentation, evaluated using a Likert scale. Descriptive analyses, comparisons, and correlational analysis were performed. Results: Overall score of 4.09 (SD=0.26), moderate-high level. Cultural awareness obtained the highest score (M=5.41; SD=0.36), while documentation presented the lowest (M=2.62; SD=0.62). Younger professionals showed better competencies in documentation (p=0.038). Professionals with hospital experience demonstrated superior cultural behaviors (p=0.038). Conclusion: Professionals recognize the importance of cultural differences but encounter difficulties in information seeking, limiting personalized care. Intergenerational learning is necessary to share strengths and respect each patient's identity.

Bibliografía

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Análisis de la competencia cultural en profesionales de un área básica de salud urbana. Estudio transversal

Analysis of cultural competence in professionals of an urban basic health area. cross-sectional study

Resumen

Abstract

Bibliografía