Perfil microbiológico y sensibilidad antibiótica en neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica

Enoc Isaí Hernández Cantú; Héctor Alberto Covarrubias Arriaga; Ramón Valladares Trujillo; Neydi Rubenia Camacho Torres; Fausto Cadena Gil

doi:10.58807/indexenferm20246959

Enoc Isaí Hernández Cantú Coordinación Clínica de Educación e Investigación en Salud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-4512
Héctor Alberto Covarrubias Arriaga Unidad de cuidados intensivos. Hospital General de Zona No. 67. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Apodaca, Nuevo León, México https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7117-3480
Ramón Valladares Trujillo Coordinación Clínica de Educación e Investigación en Salud. Hospital General de Zona No. 17. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8247-8483
Neydi Rubenia Camacho Torres Facultad de Ciencias Odontológicas y Salud Pública. Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6742-4766
Fausto Cadena Gil Coordinación Clínica de Educación e Investigación en Salud https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1032-153X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20246959

Palabras clave: Neumonía, Ventilación mecánica, Microbiología, Resistencia a los antibióticos, Prevención de infecciones

Key-words: Pneumonia, Mechanical ventilation, Microbiology, Antibiotic resistance, Infection prevention

Resumen

Objetivo: Analizar el perfil microbiológico y la sensibilidad a los antibióticos en pacientes con neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica (NAVM) en un hospital de segundo nivel. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de datos de 385 pacientes hospitalizados entre enero de 2022 y julio de 2023. Se recopilaron datos microbiológicos y de sensibilidad a los antibióticos de muestras respiratorias. Se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas apropiadas para analizar las asociaciones entre las variables independientes y la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica.Resultados principales: Los microorganismos más prevalentes fueron Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Se observó una alta resistencia a la meticilina en Staphylococcus aureus y resistencia a las cefalosporinas de tercera generación en Klebsiella pneumoniae. La duración de la ventilación mecánica se asoció significativamente con un mayor riesgo de NAVM. Conclusión: El análisis del perfil microbiológico y la sensibilidad a los antibióticos en pacientes con NAVM resaltan la importancia de considerar la resistencia antibiótica al seleccionar terapias y la necesidad de implementar medidas preventivas, como la reducción del tiempo de ventilación y el uso prudente de antibióticos.

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the microbiological profile and antibiotic sensitivity in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in a secondary level hospital. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from 385 hospitalized patients between January 2022 and July 2023 was conducted. Microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity data from respiratory samples were collected. Appropriate statistical tests were used to analyze the associations between independent variables and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Results: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most prevalent microorganisms. High methicillin resistance was observed in Staphylococcus aureus and third-generation cephalosporin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly associated with increased risk of VAP. Conclusions: The analysis of microbiological profile and antibiotic sensitivity in patients with VAP highlights the importance of considering antibiotic resistance when selecting therapies and the need to implement preventive measures such as reducing ventilation time and prudent use of antibiotics.

Bibliografía

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Perfil microbiológico y sensibilidad antibiótica en neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica

Microbiological profile and antibiotic sensitivity in ventilator-associated pneumonia

Resumen

Abstract

Bibliografía