Intervenciones enfermeras para la administración segura de adenosina intravenosa en la taquicardia supraventricular pediátrica: revisión de la literatura

Nursing interventions for the safe administration of intravenous adenosine in pediatric supraventricular tachycardia: a literature review

Resumen

 La taquicardia supraventricular (TSV) es la arritmia cardiaca más frecuente en la población pediátrica y requiere un tratamiento rápido para evitar complicaciones hemodinámicas. La adenosina intravenosa constituye el tratamiento farma‐ cológico de elección cuando las maniobras vagales fracasan. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar, a partir de la literatura científica, las intervenciones enfermeras necesarias para una administración segura de adenosina intravenosa en pacientes pediátricos con TSV. Se realizó una revisión descriptiva mediante búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed utilizando los términos relacionados con TSV, adenosina y población pediátrica. Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en inglés o español. Tras aplicar los criterios de selección, se analizaron 6 artículos, complementados con un recurso de UpToDate y el protocolo de la Sociedad Española de Urgencias Pediátricas. Los resultados muestran que la adenosina intravenosa presenta tasas de conversión al ritmo sinusal del 72–79%. La evidencia destaca que la administración precoz reduce la probabilidad de refractariedad y mejora la eficacia del tratamiento. Se concluye que la actuación enfermera es clave para garantizar la seguridad del procedimiento, mediante la identificación precoz de la arritmia, preparación adecuada del material y dosis, administración rápida del fármaco y monitorización electrocardiográfica continua

Abstract

 Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the pediatric population and requires rapid treatment to prevent hemodynamic complications. Intravenous adenosine is the pharmacological treatment of choice when vagal maneuvers fail. The aim of this study was to identify, based on the scientific literature, the nursing interventions required for the safe administration of intravenous adenosine in pediatric patients with SVT. A descriptive review was conducted through a bibliographic search in PubMed using terms related to SVT, adenosine, and the pediatric population. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 in English or Spanish were included. After applying the selection criteria, six articles were analyzed, complemented by a resource from UpToDate and the protocol of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Emergencies. The results show that intravenous adenosine achieves sinus rhythm conversion rates of 72–79%. Evidence highlights that early administration reduces the probability of refractoriness and improves treatment effectiveness. It is concluded that nursing practice plays a key role in ensuring the safety of the procedure through early identification of the arrhythmia, appropriate preparation of materials and dosage, rapid drug administration, and continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the pediatric population and requires rapid treatment to prevent hemodynamic complications. Intravenous adenosine is the pharmacological treatment of choice when vagal maneuvers fail. The aim of this study was to identify, based on the scientific literature, the nursing interventions required for the safe administration of intravenous adenosine in pediatric patients with SVT. A descriptive review was conducted through a bibliographic search in PubMed using terms related to SVT, adenosine, and the pediatric population. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 in English or Spanish were included. After applying the selection criteria, six articles were analyzed, complemented by a resource from UpToDate and the protocol of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Emergencies. The results show that intravenous adenosine achieves sinus rhythm conversion rates of 72–79%. Evidence highlights that early administration reduces the probability of refractoriness and improves treatment effectiveness. It is concluded that nursing practice plays a key role in ensuring the safety of the procedure through early identification of the arrhythmia, appropriate preparation of materials and dosage, rapid drug administration, and continuous electrocardiographic monitoring